Meadowlands and pastures are found beyond the major cities. England's population is about 53 million, around 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, and is largely concentrated in London, the South East and conurbations in the Midlands, the North West, the North East and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. Today London is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. The former capital of England was Winchester until replaced by London in 1066. However, there are uplands in the north (for example, the mountainous Lake District, Pennines, and Yorkshire Dales) and in the south west (for example, Dartmoor and the Cotswolds). Įngland's terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. The English language, the Anglican Church, and English law-the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world-developed in England, and the country's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, while the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separate it from continental Europe. England ( / ˈ ɪ ŋ ɡ l ə n d /) is the most populous country in the United Kingdom.
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